Alford, R. A. 1980. Population structure of Gopherus polyphemus in northern Florida, USA. Journal of Herpetology. 14(2):177-182. Amin, O. M., Pitts, R. M. 1996. Moniliformis clarki (Acanthocephala: Moniliformidae) from the pocket gopher, Geomys bursarius missouriensis, in Missouri. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington. 63(1):144-145. Andersen, D. C. 1987. Geomys bursarius burrowing patterns: Influence of season and food patch structure. ECOLOGY. 68(5):1306-1318. Andersen, D. C. 1988. Tunnel construction methods and foraging path of a fossorial herbivore, Geomys bursarius. JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY. 69(3):565-582. Andersen, D. C. 1990. Search path of a fossorial herbivore, Geomys bursarius, foraging in structurally complex plant communities. JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY. 71(2):177-187. Andersen, D. C. 1996. A spatially-explicit model of search path and soil disturbance by a fossorial herbivore. Ecological Modelling. 89(1-3):99-108. Anduaga, S., Halffter, G. 1991. Beetles associated with rodent burrows (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). FOLIA ENTOMOLOGICA MEXICANA(81):185-197. Auffenberg, W., Franz, R. 1982. Status and distribution of the gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus). U S Fish and Wildlife Service Wildlife Research Report(12):95-126. Avise, J. C., Giblin Davidson, C., Laerm, J., Patton, J. C., Lansman, R. A. 1979. Mitochondrial DNA clones and matriarchal phylogeny within and among geographic populations of the pocket gopher, Geomys pinetis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 76(12):6694-6698. Baker, R. J., Chesser, R. K., Koop, B. F., Hoyt, R. A. 1983. Adaptive nature of chromosomal rearrangement: Differential fitness in pocket gophers (Geomys bursarius). Genetica. 61(3):161-164. Baker, R. J., Davis, S. K. 1989. Ribosomal DNA, mitochondrial DNA, chromosomal, and allozymic studies on a contact zone in the pocket gopher, Geomys. EVOLUTION. 43(1):63-75. Becker, J. J., White, J. A. 1981. Late Cenozoic geomyids (Mammalia: Rodentia) from the Anza-Borrego Desert, southern California, USA. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 1(2):211-218. Benedix, J. H., Jr. 1993. Area-restricted search by the plains pocket gopher (Geomys bursarius) in tallgrass prairie habitat. Behavioral Ecology. 4(4):318-324. Benedix, J. H., Jr. 1994. A predictable pattern of daily activity by the pocket gopher Geomys bursarius. Animal Behaviour. 48(3):501-509. Bernheimer, A. W., Avigad, L. S., Schmidt, J. O. 1980. A hemolytic polypeptide from the venom of the red harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex barbatus. Toxicon. 18(3):271-278. Bielec, P. E., Riggs, P. K., Womack, J. E., Busbee, D. L. 1997. A high resolution GBG-banded karyotype of the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus: Generation of an ideogram, and NOR localization by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 78(1):6-11. Block, S. B., Zimmerman, E. G. 1991. Allozymic variation and systematics of plains pocket gophers (Geomys) of south-central Texas (USA). SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST. 36(1):29-36. Blume, R. R., Summerlin, J. W. 1988. Histeridae (Coleoptera) from pocket gopher burrows (Geomyidae) in east central Texas (USA). COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN. 42(2):202-204. Bohlin, R. G., Zimmerman, E. G. 1982. Genic differentiation of 2 chromosome races of the Geomys bursarius complex. Journal of Mammalogy. 63(2):218-228. Bradley, R. D., Bull, J. J., Johnson, A. D., Hillis, D. M. 1993. Origin of a novel allele in a mammalian hybrid zone. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 90(19):8939-8941. Bradley, R. D., Davis, S. K., Baker, R. J. 1991a. Genetic control of premating-isolating behavior: Kaneshiro's hypothesis and asymmetrical sexual selection in pocket gophers. JOURNAL OF HEREDITY. 82(3):192-196. Bradley, R. D., Davis, S. K., Lockwood, S. F., Bickham, J. W., Baker, R. J. 1991b. Hybrid breakdown and cellular-DNA content in a contact zone between two species of pocket gophers (Geomys). JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY. 72(4):697-705. Bradley Robert, D., Adkins Ronald, M., Honeycut Rodney, L., McDonald John, H. 1998. Nucleotide polymorphism at the alcohol dehydrogenase locus of pocket gophers, genus Geomys. Molecular Biology and Evolution June. 15(6):709-717. Brandt, L. A., Montgomery, K. L., Saunders, A. A., Mazzotti, F. J. 1993. Gopherus polyphemus (gopher tortoise): Burrows. Herpetological Review. 24(4):149. Breininger, D. R., Schmalzer, P. A., Hinkle, C. R. 1991. Estimating occupancy of gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) burrows in coastal scrub and slash pine flatwoods. JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY. 25(3):317-321. Breininger, D. R., Schmalzer, P. A., Hinkle, C. R. 1994. Gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) densities in coastal scrub and slash pine flatwoods in Florida. Journal of Herpetology. 28(1):60-65. Brillhart, D. B., Fox, L. B., Upton, S. J. 1994. Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from small and medium-sized Kansas mammals. Journal of Medical Entomology. 31(3):500-504. Brown, L. N. 1995. An archaeological record of the plains pocket gopher (Geomys bursarius) in southwestern Missouri. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 98(3-4):160-161. Bullington, S. W., Beck, A. F. 1991. A new species of Machimus Loew (Diptera: Asilidae) from burrows of Gopherus polyphemus (Testudines: Testudinidae). ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. 84(6):590-595. Burda, H., Bruns, V., Hickman, G. C. 1992. The ear in subterranean Insectivora and Rodentia in comparison with ground-dwelling representatives: I. Sound conducting system of the middle ear. JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY. 214(1):49-61. Burke, R. L. 1989. Florida (USA) gopher tortoise relocation: Overview and case study. BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION. 48(4):295-310. Burns, J. C., Choate, J. R., Zimmerman, E. G. 1985. Systematic relationships of pocket gophers (Genus, Geomys) on the Central Great Plains (USA). JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY. 66(1):102-118. Burton, D. W., Bickham, J. W. 1989. Heterochromatin variation and DNA content conservatism in Geomys attwateri and Geomys breviceps (Rodentia: Geomyidae). JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY. 70(3):580-591. Butler, J. A., Bowman, R. D., Hull, T. W., Sowell, S. 1995. Movements and home range of hatchling and yearling gopher tortoises, Gopherus polyphemus. Chelonian Conservation and Biology. 1(3):173-180. Butler, J. A., Hull, T. W. 1996. Reproduction of the tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus, in northeastern Florida. Journal of Herpetology. 30(1):14-18. Buzas Stephens, P., Dalquest, W. W. 1991. Enamel ultrastructure of incisors, premolars, and molars in Thomomys, Cratogeomys, and Geomys (Rodentia: Geomyidae). TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. 43(1):65-74. Cameron, G. N., Spencer, S. R., Eshelman, B. D., Williams, L. R., Gregory, M. J. 1988. Activity and burrow structure of Attwater's pocket gopher (Geomys attwateri). JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY. 69(4):667-677. Carraway, L. N., Kennedy, P. K. 1993. Genetic variation in Thomomys bulbivorus, an endemic to the Willamette Valley, Oregon. Journal of Mammalogy. 74(4):952-962. Christopher, M. M., Brigmon, R., Jacobson, E. 1994. Seasonal alterations in plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate and related biochemical parameters in the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A Comparative Physiology. 108(2-3):303-310. Cushing, P. E. 1995. Description of the spider Masoncus pogonophilus (Araneae, Linyphiidae), a harvester ant myrmecophile. Journal of Arachnology. 23(2):55-59. Dalquest, W. W., Baskin, J. A. 1992. Mammals of the Elm Creek local fauna, late Pleistocene of Beaver County, Oklahoma. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST. 127(1):13-20. Davis, M. A., Duke, A., Ibsen, T., Tran, H., Rhodes, R. 1997. Spatial distribution of Penstemon grandiflorus (Nutt.) and Geomys bursarius in a Fragmented Oak Woodland in Minnesota, USA. Natural Areas Journal. 17(2):136-143. Davis, M. A., Ritchie, B., Graf, N., Gregg, K. 1995. An experimental study of the effects of shade, conspecific crowding, pocket gophers and surrounding vegetation on survivorship, growth and reproduction in Penstemon grandiflorus. American Midland Naturalist. 134(2):237-243. Davis, M. A., Villinski, J., McAndrew, S., Scholtz, H., Young, E. 1991. Survivorship of Penstemon grandiflorus in an oak woodland: Combined effects of fire and pocket gophers. OECOLOGIA. 86(1):113-118. Demastes, J. W. 1994. Systematics and zoogeography of the Mer Rouge pocket gopher (Geomys breviceps breviceps) based on cytochrome-b sequences. Southwestern Naturalist. 39(3):276-280. Demastes, J. W., Hafner, M. S. 1993. Cospeciation of pocket gophers (Geomys) and their chewing lice (Geomydoecus). JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY. 74(3):521-530. Deyrup, M., Woodruff, R. E. 1991. A new flightless Psammodius from Florida's (USA) inland dunes (Coleoptera: Scarabeidae). COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN. 45(1):75-80. Diemer, J. E. 1992a. Demography of the tortoise Gopherus polyphemus in northern Florida. JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY. 26(3):281-289. Diemer, J. E. 1992b. Home range and movements of the Tortoise Gopherus polyphemus in northern Florida. JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY. 26(2):158-165. Diemer, J. E., Moore, C. T. 1994. Reproduction of Gopher Tortoises in North-central Florida. Fish and Wildlife Research(13):129-138. Dodd, C. K., Jr. 1995. Disarticulation of turtle shells in north-central Florida: How long does a shell remain in the woods? American Midland Naturalist. 134(2):378-387. Doody, J. S., Young, J. E., Johnson, G. N. 1995. Anura: Rana capito (Gopher frog): Combat. Herpetological Review. 26(4):202-203. Doonan, T. J., Stout, I. J. 1994. Effects of gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) body size on burrow structure. American Midland Naturalist. 131(2):273-280. Dowler, R. C. 1989. Cytogenetic studies of three chromosomal races of pocket gophers (Geomys bursarius complex) at hybrid zones. JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY. 70(2):253-266. Dronen, N. O., Pitts, R. M., Smolen, M. J. 1994. Monoecocestus centroovarium sp. n. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) from Attwater's pocket gopher, Geomys attwateri, from the San Antonio area of Texas. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington. 61(1):61-63. Dyrczowa, A. 1982. The male reproductive tracts in 4 species of geomyoid rodents with respect to their systematic position (Geomyoidea, Rodentia). Zoologica Poloniae. 29(3-4):201-208. Elrod, D. A., Heidt, G. A., Elrod, D. M. A., Birdsong, M., Zimmerman, E. G. 1996. A second species of pocket gopher in Arkansas. Southwestern Naturalist. 41(4):395-398. Entz, M. H., Bullied, W. J., Katepa Mupondwa, F. 1995. Rotational benefits of forage crops in Canadian prairie cropping systems. Journal of Production Agriculture. 8(4):521-529. Epperson, D. M., Wendland, L. D. 1997. Testudines: Gopherus polyphemus (gopher tortoise). Nesting. Herpetological Review. 28(2):87. Epple, G., Niblick, H., Lewis, S., Nolte, D. L., Campbell, D. L., Mason, J. R. 1996. Pine needle oil causes avoidance behaviors in pocket gopher Geomys bursarius. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 22(5):1013-1025. Eshelman, R. E., Hibbard, C. W. 1981. Nash local fauna (Pleistocene: Aftonian) of Meade County, Kansas, USA. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology University of Michigan. 25(16):317-326. Feldman, J. L., Phillips, C. J. 1984. Comparative retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor ultrastructure in nocturnal and fossorial rodents: The eastern woodrat, Neotoma floridana, and the plains pocket gopher, Geomys bursarius. Journal of Mammalogy. 65(2):231-245. Ferster, B., Traniello, J. F. A. 1995. Polymorphism and foraging behavior in Pogonomyrmex badius (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Worker size, foraging distance, and load size associations. Environmental Entomology. 24(3):673-678. Foster, M. A., Stubbendieck, J. 1980. Effects of the plains pocket gopher (Geomys bursarius) on rangeland. Journal of Range Management. 33(1):74-78. Frank, P. A., Layne, J. N. 1992. Nests and daytime refugia of cotton mice (Peromyscus gossypinus) and golden mice (Ochrotomys nuttalli) in south-central Florida. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST. 127(1):21-30. Gardner, S. L., Schmidt, G. D. 1986. Two new species of Litomosoides (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) from pocket gophers (Rodentia: Geomyidae) in Colorado (USA). SYSTEMATIC PARASITOLOGY. 8(3):235-242. Gardner, S. L., Schmidt, G. D. 1988. Cestodes of the genus Hymenolepis Weinland, 1858 sensu stricto from pocket gophers Geomys and Thomomys spp. (Rodentia: Geomyidae) in Colorado and Oregon (USA), with a discriminant analysis of four species of Hymenolepis. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY. 66(4):896-903. Garner, M. M., Homer, B. L., Jacobson, E. R., Raskin, R. E., Hall, B. J., Weis, W. A., Berry, K. H. 1996. Staining and morphologic features of bone marrow hematopoietic cells in desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii). American Journal of Veterinary Research. 57(11):1608-1615. Gates, C. A., Tanner, G. W. 1988. Effects of prescribed burning on herbaceous vegetation and pocket gophers (Geomys pinetis) in a sandhill community. FLORIDA SCIENTIST. 51(3-4):129-139. Gates, C. A., Tanner, G. W., Gates, B. K. 1988. A modified live trap for the capture of southeastern pocket gophers. FLORIDA SCIENTIST. 51(3-4):156-158. Goldstein, M. H., Topoff, H. 1985. Reaction of the ant Novomessor albisetosus to intruders in the nest area (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). INSECTES SOCIAUX. 32(2):173-185. Gordon, D. M. 1983. Dependence of necrophoric response to oleic acid on social context in the ant, Pogonomyrmex badius. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 9(1):105-112. Gordon, D. M. 1984a. The harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex badius) midden: Refuse or boundary? ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY. 9(4):403-412. Gordon, D. M. 1984b. The persistence of role in exterior workers of the harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex badius. PSYCHE. 91(3-4):251-266. Gothran, E. G., Zimmerman, E. G. 1985. Electrophoretic analysis of the contact zone between Geomys breviceps and Geomys bursarius. JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY. 66(3):489-497. Grady, F. 1984. A Pleistocene occurrence of Geomys (Rodentia: Geomyidae) in West Virginia (USA). CARNEGIE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SPECIAL PUBLICATION(8):161-163. Graham, R. W. 1981. Preliminary report on late Pleistocene vertebrates from the Selby and Dutton archaeological-paleontological sites, Yuma County, Colorado, USA. Contributions to Geology University of Wyoming. 20(1):33-56. Grant, W. E., McBrayer, J. F. 1981. Effects of mound formation by pocket gophers (Geomys bursarius) on old field ecosystems. Pedobiologia. 22(1):21-28. Griffin, D. R. 1989. Mammalian fossils from beneath the Patterson Range Pearlette volcanic ash in the Seymour Formation, Knox County, Texas (USA). TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. 41(3):277-288. Gunter, G. 1981. Status of turtles on the Mississippi Coast, USA. Gulf Research Reports. 7(1):89-92. Hafner, D. J., Geluso, K. N. 1983. Systematic relationships and historical zoogeography of the desert pocket gopher, Geomys arenarius. Journal of Mammalogy. 64(3):405-413. Harpootlian, P. J. 1995. Notes and records of Scarabaeidae from the southeastern United States. Coleopterists Bulletin. 49(3):280. Harrison, J. S., Gentry, J. B. 1981. Foraging pattern, colony distribution and foraging range of the Florida harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex badius. Ecology. 62(6):1467-1473. Heaney, L. R., Timm, R. M. 1983. Relationships of pocket gophers of the genus Geomys from the central and northern Great Plains (USA). University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Miscellaneous Publication(74):1-59. Heaney, L. R., Timm, R. M. 1985. Morphology, genetics and ecology of pocket gophers (genus Geomys) in a narrow hybrid zone. BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY. 25(4):301-318. Heffner, R. S., Heffner, H. E. 1990. Vestigial hearing in a fossorial mammal, the pocket gopher (Geomys bursarius). HEARING RESEARCH. 46(3):239-252. Hellenthal, R. A., Price, R. D. 1989. Geomydoecus (Mallophaga: Trichodectidae) from the Texas and desert pocket gophers (Rodentia: Geomyidae). PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. 91(1):1-8. Hickman, G. C. 1984. Effects of temperature and light on the locomotory activity of captive pocket gophers. ACTA THERIOLOGICA. 29(11-25):259-272. Hipes, D. L., Jackson, D. R. 1996. Rare vertebrate fauna of Camp Blanding Training Site, a potential landscape linkage in northeastern Florida. Florida Scientist. 59(2):96-114. Hollander, R. R., Jones, J. K. J., Manning, R. W., Jones, C. 1987. Noteworthy records of mammals from the Texas Panhandle (USA). TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. 39(1):97-102. Honeycutt, R. L., Williams, S. L. 1982. Genic differentiation in pocket gophers of the genus Pappogeomys, with comments on intergeneric relationships in the subfamily Geomyinae. Journal of Mammalogy. 63(2):208-217. Inamura, S. 1982. Social modifications of work efficiency in digging by the ant, Formica yessensis. Journal of the Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Series VI Zoology. 23(1):128-142. Inouye Richard, S., Huntly, N., Wasley Gerald, A. 1997. Effects of pocket gophers (Geomys bursarius) on microtopographic variation. Journal of Mammalogy Nov. 78(4):1144-1148. Inouye, R. S., Huntly, N. J., Tilman, D., Tester, J. R. 1987. Pocket gophers (Geomys bursarius), vegetation, and soil nitrogen along a successional sere in east central Minnesota (USA). OECOLOGIA. 72(2):178-184. Iverson, J. B. 1980. The reproductive biology of Gopherus polyphemus (Chelonia: Testudinidae). American Midland Naturalist. 103(2):353-359. Jacobson, E. R. 1994. Cause of mortality and diseases in tortoises: A review. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 25(1):2-17. Jensen, J. B., Palis, J. G., Bailey, M. A. 1995. Anura: Rana capito sevosa (Dusky gopher frog): Submerged vocalization. Herpetological Review. 26(2):98. Jones, C. A. 1989. First record of pawpaw consumption by the Florida mouse. FLORIDA SCIENTIST. 52(1):7. Jones, C. A. 1992. Review of the effects of fire on Peromyscus and Podomys. FLORIDA SCIENTIST. 55(2):75-84. Jones, C. A. 1993. Observations regarding the diet of Florida mice, Podomys floridanus (Rodentia: Muridae). BRIMLEYANA(18):131-140. Jones, C. A. 1995. Habitat use and home ranges of Podomys floridanus on the Ordway Preserve. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History. 38(1-9):195-209. Jones, J. K., Jr., Bradley, R. D., Baker, R. J. 1995. Hybrid pocket gophers and some thoughts on the relationship of natural hybrids to the rules of nomenclature and the endangered species act. Journal of Mammalogy. 76(1):43-49. Kaczor, S. A., Hartnett, D. C. 1990. Gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) effects on soils and vegetation in a Florida (USA) sandhill community. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST. 123(1):100-111. Kalisz, P. J., Stone, E. L. 1984. Soil mixing by scarab beetles (Peltotrupes youngi) and pocket gophers (Geomys pinetus) in north-central Florida (USA). Soil Science Society of America Journal. 48(1):169-172. Keim, M. H., Stout, I. J. 1987. Longevity record for the Florida mouse, Peromyscus floridanus. FLORIDA SCIENTIST. 50(1):41. Kent, D. M., Langston, M. A., Hanf, D. W. 1997a. Observations of vertebrates associated with gopher tortoise burrows in Orange County, Florida. Florida Scientist. 60(3):197-201. Kent, D. M., Langston, M. A., Hanf, D. W., Wallace, P. M. 1997b. Utility of a camera system for investigating gopher tortoise burrows. Florida Scientist. 60(3):193-196. Kent, D. M., Snell, E. 1994. Vertebrates associated with gopher tortoise burrows in Orange County, Florida. Florida Field Naturalist. 22(1):8-10. Kinsella, J. M. 1991. Comparison of helminths of three species of mice, Podomys floridanus, Peromyscus gossypinus, and Peromyscus polionotus, from southern Florida. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY. 69(12):3078-3083. Kirkland, H., Jr., Davis, M., Wood, J., Devine, D., Giblet, K. 1997. Some late Pleistocene fossils from Washita local fauna. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science. 77:113-115. Kjar, K. J., Stubbendieck, J., Case, R. M. 1984. Relationships between vegetation, soils and pocket gophers (Geomys bursarius) in the Nebraska (USA) Sand Hills. TRANSACTIONS OF THE NEBRASKA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 12:5-12. Klein Gregory, D. 1997. Pocket gopher (Geomys bursarius) disturbance on a tallgrass prairie in central Nebraska. Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences. 24:67-69. Krantz, G. W., Royce, L. A. 1994. Observations on the biology and behavior of Macrocheles mycotrupetes Krantz and Mellott (Acari: Macrochelidae). International Journal of Acarology. 20(2):115-121. Kushlan, J. A., Mazzotti, F. J. 1984. Environmental effects on a coastal population of gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus). JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY. 18(3):231-239. Laclaire, L. V. 1995. Vegetation of selected upland temporary ponds in north and north-central Florida. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History. 38(1-9):69-96. Laerm, J. 1981. Systematic status of the Cumberland Island, Georgia, USA, pocket gopher, Geomys cumberlandius. Brimleyana(6):141-152. Landers, J. L., Garner, J. A., McRae, W. A. 1980. Reproduction of gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) in Southwestern Georgia, USA. Herpetologica. 36(4):353-361. Landers, J. L., McRae, W. A., Garner, J. A. 1982. Growth and maturity of the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) in southwestern Georgia, USA. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum Biological Sciences. 27(2):81-110. Layne, J. N., Jackson, R. J. 1994. Burrow use by the Florida mouse (Podomys floridanus) in South-central Florida. American Midland Naturalist. 131(1):17-23. Lessa, E. P., Thaeler, C. S. J. 1989. A reassessment of morphological specializations for digging in pocket gophers. JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY. 70(4):689-700. Macdonald, L. A., Mushinsky, H. R. 1988. Foraging ecology of the gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus, in a sandhill habitat. HERPETOLOGICA. 44(3):345-353. McCoy, E. D., Kaiser, B. W. 1990. Changes in foraging activity of the southern harvester ant Pogonomyrmex badius (Latreille) in response to fire. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST. 123(1):112-123. McCoy, E. D., Mushinsky, H. R. 1992. Studying a species in decline: Changes in populations of the Gopher Tortoise on federal lands in Florida. FLORIDA SCIENTIST. 55(2):116-125. McEwan, B. 1982. Bone anomalies in the shell of Gopherus polyphemus. Florida Scientist. 45(3):189-195. Means, D. B. 1982. Responses to winter burrow flooding of the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus). Herpetologica. 38(4):521-525. Morafka, D. J., McCoy, C. J., Burg, R. B., Lieberman, S. S. 1988. The ecogeography of the Mexican Bolson tortoise (Gopherus flavomarginatus): Derivation of its endangered status and recommendations for its conservation. ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 57(1):1-72. Morgan, G. S., Hulbert, R. C., Jr. 1995. Overview of the geology and vertebrate biochronology of the Leisey Shell Pit local fauna, Hillsborough County, Florida. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History. 37(1-10):1-92. Morgan, G. S., White, J. A. 1995. Small mammals (Insectivora, Lagomorpha, and Rodentia) from the early Pleistocene (Irvingtonian) Leisey Shell Pit local fauna, Hillsborough County, Florida. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History. 37(11-20):397-461. Moulton, M. P., Choate, J. R., Bissell, S. J. 1983. Biogeographic relationships of pocket gophers in southeastern Colorado (USA). Southwestern Naturalist. 28(1):53-60. Munthe, K. 1981. Skeletal morphology and function of the Miocene rodent Schizodontomys harkseni. Paleobios(35):1-33. Mushinsky, H. R., Esman, L. A. 1994. Perceptions of gopher tortoise burrows over time. Florida Field Naturalist. 22(1):1-8. Mushinsky, H. R., McCoy, E. D. 1994. Comparison of Gopher Tortoise Populations on Islands and on the Mainland in Florida. Fish and Wildlife Research(13):39-48. Mushinsky, H. R., Wilson, D. S., McCoy, E. D. 1994. Growth and sexual dimorphism of Gopherus polyphemus in central Florida. Herpetologica. 50(2):119-128. Nadler, S. A., Hafner, M. S. 1993. Systematic relationships among pocket gopher chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) inferred from electrophoretic data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY. 23(2):191-201. Olff, H., Ritchie Mark, E. 1998. Effects of herbivores on grassland plant diversity. Trends in Ecology and Evolution July. 13(7):261-265. Osentoski, M. F., Lamb, T. 1995. Intraspecific phylogeography of the gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus: RFLP analysis of amplified mtDNA segments. Molecular Ecology. 4(6):709-718. Packer, W. C., Layne, J. N. 1991. Foraging site preferences and relative arboreality of small rodents in Florida (USA). AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST. 125(2):187-194. Palis John, G. 1998. Breeding biology of the gopher frog, Rana capito, in Western Florida. Journal of Herpetology June. 32(2):217-223. Palmer, B. D., Guillette, L. J. J. 1990. Morphological changes in the oviductal endometrium during the reproductive cycle of the tortoise Gopherus polyphemus. JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY. 204(3):323-334. Peck, S. B., Howden, H. F. 1985. Biogeography of scavenging scarab beetles in the Florida Keys (USA): Post-Pleistocene land-bridge islands. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY. 63(12):2730-2737. Pfaffenberger, G. S., De Bruin, D. 1986. Ectoparasitic overlap between sympatric Dipodomys ordii and Onychomys leucogaster (Rodentia) in eastern New Mexico, USA. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY. 23(2):201-207. Pitts, R. M., Choate, J. R. 1997. Reproduction of the plains pocket gopher (Geomys bursarius) in Missouri. Southwestern Naturalist. 42(2):238-240. Pitts, R. M., Choate, J. R., Scharninghausen, J. J. 1994. Plains pocket gopher storing black walnuts. Prairie Naturalist. 26(4):312. Porter, S. D. 1986. Revised respiration rates for the southern harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex badius. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY. 83(1):197-198. Prezant, R. M., Isaza, R., Jacobson, E. R. 1994. Plasma concentrations and disposition kinetics of enrofloxacin in gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 25(1):82-87. Qumsiyeh, M. B., Sanchez Hernandez, C., Davis, S. K., Patton, J. C., Baker, R. J. 1988. Chromosomal evolution in Geomys as revealed by G-band and C-band analysis. SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST. 33(1):1-14. Reichman, O. J. 1988. Comparison of the effects of crowding and pocket gopher disturbance on mortality, growth and seed production of Berteroa incana. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST. 120(1):58-69. Reichman, O. J., Smith, S. C. 1985. Impact of pocket gopher (Geomys bursarius) burrows on overlying vegetation. JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY. 66(4):720-725. Rezsutek Michael, J., Cameron Guy, N. 1998. Influence of resource removal of demography of Attwater's pocket gopher. Journal of Mammalogy May. 79(2):538-550. Roberts, K. J., Yancey, F. D., II, Jones, C. 1997. Distributional records of small mammals from the Texas panhandle. Texas Journal of Science. 49(1):57-64. Rogers, D. S., Engstrom, M. D. 1992. Evolutionary implications of allozymic variation in tropical Peromyscus of the mexicanus species group. JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY. 73(1):55-69. Ross, J. P. 1980. Seasonal variation of thermoregulation in the Florida pocket gopher, Geomys pinetis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A Comparative Physiology. 66(1):119-126. Rudolph, D. C., Burgdorf Shirley, J. 1997. Timber rattlesnakes and Louisiana pine snakes of the West Gulf Coastal Plain: Hypotheses of decline. Texas Journal of Science Aug. 49(3 Suppl):111-122. Schaal, B. A., Leverich, W. J. 1982. Survivorship patterns in an annual plant community. Oecologia. 54(2):149-151. Schmidt, J. O., Blum, M. S., Overal, W. L. 1986. Comparative enzymology of venoms from stinging Hymenoptera. TOXICON. 24(9):907-922. Schumacher, I. M., Brown, M. B., Jacobson, E. R., Collins, B. R., Klein, P. A. 1993. Detection of antibodies to a pathogenic Mycoplasma in desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) with upper respiratory tract disease. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY. 31(6):1454-1460. Schumacher, I. M., Hardenbrook, D. B., Brown, M. B., Jacobson, E. R., Klein, P. A. 1997. Relationship between clinical signs of upper respiratory tract disease and antibodies to Mycoplasma agassizii in desert tortoises from Nevada. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 33(2):261-266. Semlitsch, R. D., Gibbons, J. W., Tuberville, T. D. 1995. Timing of reproduction and metamorphosis in the Carolina gopher frog (Rana capito capito) in South Carolina. Journal of Herpetology. 29(4):612-614. Skelley, P. E. 1991. Observations on the biology of Stephanucha thoracica Casey (Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN. 45(2):176-188. Skelley, P. E., Woodruff, R. E. 1991. Five new species of Aphodius (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Florida pocket gopher burrows. FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST. 74(4):517-536. Smith Kelley, R., Hurley Janie, A., Seigel Richard, A. 1997. Reproductive biology and demography of gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) from the western portion of their range. Chelonian Conservation and Biology Dec. 2(4):596-600. Smith, K. S. 1992. A Holocene mammalian fauna from Box Elder Creek, Caddo County, Oklahoma. PROCEEDINGS OF THE OKLAHOMA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 72:39-44. Smith, L. L. 1995. Nesting ecology, female home range and activity, and population size-class structure of the gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus, on the Katharine Ordway Preserve, Putnam County, Florida. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History. 38(1-9):97-126. Smith Margaret, F. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships and geographic structure in pocket gophers in the genus Thomomys. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Feb. 9(1):1-14. Smith, R. B., Breininger, D. R., Larson, V. L. 1997. Home range characteristics of radiotagged gopher tortoises on Kennedy Space Center, Florida. Chelonian Conservation and Biology. 2(3):358-362. Smolen, M. J., Bickham, J. W. 1994. Chromosomal variation in pocket gophers (Geomys) detected by sequential G-, R-, and C-band analyses. Chromosome Research. 2(5):343-353. Smolen, M. J., Bickham, J. W. 1995. Phylogenetic implications of chromosome evolution in Geomys. Journal of Mammalogy. 76(1):50-67. Smolen, M. J., Pitts, R. M., Bickham, J. W. 1993. A new subspecies of pocket gopher (Geomys) from Texas (Mammalia: Rodentia: Geomyidae). PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. 106(1):5-23. Spencer, S. R., Cameron, G. N., Eshelman, B. D., Cooper, L. C., Williams, L. R. 1985. Influence of pocket gopher (Geomys attwateri) mounds on a Texas (USA) coastal prairie. OECOLOGIA. 66(1):111-115. Spicka, E. J. 1981. Ectoparasites and other arthropod associates on 2 subspecies of plains pocket gophers: Geomys bursarius illinoensis and Geomys bursarius missouriensis. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 59(10):1903-1908. Stamp, N. E., Lucas, J. R. 1990. Spatial patterns and dispersal distances of explosively dispersing plants in Florida (USA) sandhill vegetation. JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY. 78(3):589-600. Stangl, F. B. J., Hinds, W. E., Passmann, F. K. 1989. Asymmetrical incisor wear in three species of pocket gophers (Rodentia: Geomyidae). PRAIRIE NATURALIST. 21(3):169-173. Stein, B. R. 1993. Comparative hind limb morphology in geomyine and thomomyine pocket gophers. JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY. 74(1):86-94. Steuter, A. A., Steinauer, E. M., Hill, G. L., Bowers, P. A., Tieszen, L. L. 1995. Distribution and diet of bison and pocket gophers in a sandhills prairie. Ecological Applications. 5(3):756-766. Stewart, M. C., Austin, D. F., Bourne, G. R. 1993. Habitat structure and the dispersion of gopher tortoises on a nature preserve. FLORIDA SCIENTIST. 56(2):70-81. Sudman, P. D., Burns, J. C., Choate, J. R. 1986. Gestation and postnatal development of the plains pocket gopher (Geomys bursarius). TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. 38(1):91-94. Sudman, P. D., Choate, J. R., Zimmerman, E. G. 1987. Taxonomy of chromosomal races of Geomys bursarius lutescens Merriam. JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY. 68(3):526-543. Taber, S. W., Cokendolpher, J. C., Francke, O. F. 1987. Scanning electron microscopic study of North American Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. 89(3):512-526. Taber, S. W., Cokendolpher, J. C., Francke, O. F. 1988. Karyological study of North American Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). INSECTES SOCIAUX. 35(1):47-60. Taylor, R. W., Jr. 1982. Human predation on the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) in north-central Florida (USA). Bulletin of the Florida State Museum Biological Sciences. 28(1-4):79-102. Tilman, D. 1983. Plant succession and gopher disturbance along an experimental gradient. Oecologia. 60(3):285-292. Timerman, W. W. 1995. Home range, habitat use, and behavior of the eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus) on the Ordway Preserve. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History. 38(1-9):127-158. Timm, R. M., Price, R. D. 1980. The taxonomy of Geomydoecus (Mallophaga: Trichodectidae) from the Geomys bursarius complex (Rodentia: Geomyidae). Journal of Medical Entomology. 17(2):126-145. Timmerman, W. W., Roberts, R. E. 1994. Gopherus polyphemus (Gopher tortoise) maximum size. Herpetological Review. 25(2):64. Toland, B. 1991. Spotted skunk use of a gopher tortoise burrow for breeding. FLORIDA SCIENTIST. 54(1):10-12. Traniello, J. F. A., Beshers, S. N. 1991. Polymorphism and size-pairing in the harvester ant Pogonomyrmex badius: A test of the ecological release hypothesis. INSECTES SOCIAUX. 38(2):121-128. Tucker, P. K., Schmidly, D. J. 1981. A contact zone among 3 chromosomal races of Geomys bursarius in east Texas, USA. Journal of Mammalogy. 62(2):258-272. Turker, L. 1997. Topological effects on the activity of compounds acting as alarm pheromones of Pogonomyrmex badius. Turkish Journal of Biology. 21(2):153-157. Ultsch, G. R., Anderson, J. F. 1986. The respiratory microenvironment within the burrows of gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus). COPEIA. 1986(3):787-795. Upton, S. J., Pitts, R. M., McAllister, C. T., Hollander, R. R. 1992. New host records for Eimeria geomydis Skidmore, 1929 from Geomys (Rodentia: Geomyidae) and redescription of the oocysts from Geomys bursarius. TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. 44(1):94-98. Van Devender, T. R., Bradley, G. L., Harris, A. H. 1987. Late Quaternary mammals from the Hueco Mountains, El Paso and Hudspeth counties, Texas (USA). SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST. 32(2):179-196. Walker, S. 1995. Habitat use by raccoons (Procyon lotor) in a sandhill/wetland mosaic of north-central Florida. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History. 38(1-9):245-260. Whitaker, J. O. J., Maser, C., Lewis, R. E. 1985. Ectoparasitic mites (excluding chiggers), fleas and lice from pocket gophers, Thomomys, in Oregon (USA). NORTHWEST SCIENCE. 59(1):33-39. Whittaker, J. C., List, E., Tester, J. R., Christian, D. P. 1991. Factors influencing meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus, distribution in Minnesota. CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST. 105(3):403-405. Wilkins, K. T. 1985. Variation in the southeastern pocket gopher, Geomys pinetis, along the St Johns River in Florida (USA). AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST. 114(1):125-134. Wilkins, K. T. 1987. Zoogeographic analysis of variation in Recent Geomys pinetis (Geomyidae) in Florida (USA). BULLETIN OF THE FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES. 30(1):1-28. Wilkins, K. T., Swearingen, C. D. 1990. Factors affecting historical distribution and modern geographic variation in the south Texas pocket gopher Geomys personatus. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST. 124(1):57-72. Williams, L. R., Cameron, G. N. 1984. Demography of dispersal in Attwaters pocket gopher (Geomys attwateri). Journal of Mammalogy. 65(1):67-75. Williams, L. R., Cameron, G. N. 1986. Food habits and dietary preferences of Attwater's pocket gopher, Geomys attwateri. JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY. 67(3):489-496. Williams, L. R., Cameron, G. N. 1990. Dynamics of burrows of Attwater's pocket gopher (Geomys attwateri). JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY. 71(3):433-438. Williams, L. R., Cameron, G. N., Spencer, S. R., Eshelman, B. D., Gregory, M. J. 1986. Experimental analysis of the effects of pocket gopher (Geomys attwateri) mounds on Texas coastal prairie (USA). JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY. 67(4):672-679. Williams, S. L. 1982. Phalli of Recent genera and species of the family Geomyidae (Mammalia: Rodentia). Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History(20):1-62. Williams, S. L., Genoways, H. H. 1980. Morphological variation in the southeastern pocket gopher, Geomys pinetis (Mammalia: Rodentia). Annals of Carnegie Museum. 49(23):405-453. Williams, S. L., Genoways, H. H. 1981. Systematic review of the Texas pocket gopher, Geomys personatus (Mammalia: Rodentia). Annals of Carnegie Museum. 50(19):435-473. Wilson, D. S., Mushinsky, H. R., McCoy, E. D. 1994. Home Range, Activity, and Use of Burrows of Juvenile Gopher Tortoises in Central Florida. Fish and Wildlife Research(13):147-160. Wilson, N., Oliver, G. V., Jr. 1979. New records of chewing lice (Mallophaga: Boopidae and Trichodectidae) from native mammals in Texas, USA.). Southwestern Entomologist. 4(2):156-162. Witz, B. W., Wilson, D. S., Palmer, M. D. 1991. Distribution of Gopherus polyphemus and its vertebrate symbionts in three burrow categories. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST. 126(1):152-158. Witz, B. W., Wilson, D. S., Palmer, M. D. 1992. Estimating population size and hatchling mortality of Gopherus polyphemus. Florida Scientist. 55(1):14-19. Wrigley, R. E., Dubois, J. E., Copland, H. W. R. 1991. Distribution and ecology of six rare species of prairie rodents in Manitoba (Canada). CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST. 105(1):1-12. Zimmerman, E. G. 1988. Temporal genetic variation in a population of the pocket gopher, Geomys bursarius. GENETICA. 76(2):153-159. Zunino, M. 1984. Generic systematics of the Geotrupinae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Geotrupidae), phylogenesis of the subfamily and biogeographic considerations. MUSEO REGIONALE DI SCIENZE NATURALI BOLLETTINO. 2(1):9-162.